Technical Laser Guide

Laser Wavelengths ExplainedComplete Technical Guide

Understand the science behind laser wavelengths in aesthetic treatments. Learn how different wavelengths affect skin, hair, and tissue for optimal treatment selection.

What are Laser Wavelengths?

Laser wavelength is the distance between two consecutive peaks of a light wave, measured in nanometers (nm). It determines the color of the laser light and how it interacts with different tissues in the body.

Different wavelengths penetrate the skin to different depths and are absorbed by specific chromophores (light-absorbing molecules) like melanin, hemoglobin, and water. This selective absorption is the key to effective laser treatments.

Fundamental laser physics concept

Key Properties

  • Determines light color and energy
  • Controls tissue penetration depth
  • Targets specific chromophores
  • Affects treatment safety and efficacy
  • Determines skin type suitability

Laser Wavelength Spectrum

Understanding the electromagnetic spectrum and laser wavelengths used in aesthetic treatments

UV (200-400nm)
Not used in aesthetics
Visible (400-700nm)
Some aesthetic applications
Near IR (700-1400nm)
Most common aesthetic wavelengths
Mid IR (1400-3000nm)
Water absorption peak
Far IR (3000nm+)
CO2 laser range

Common Aesthetic Wavelengths

The most frequently used laser wavelengths in aesthetic treatments

Ruby Laser (694nm)

Wavelength:694nm (Red)
Penetration:Shallow (1-2mm)
Target:Melanin
Best for:Light skin, dark hair
Applications:Hair removal, pigmentation

Alexandrite (755nm)

Wavelength:755nm (Near IR)
Penetration:Medium (2-3mm)
Target:Melanin
Best for:Light to olive skin
Applications:Hair removal, pigmentation

Diode (810nm)

Wavelength:810nm (Near IR)
Penetration:Deep (3-4mm)
Target:Melanin
Best for:Most skin types
Applications:Hair removal, skin tightening

Nd:YAG (1064nm)

Wavelength:1064nm (Near IR)
Penetration:Very Deep (4-6mm)
Target:Melanin, Hemoglobin
Best for:Dark skin tones
Applications:Hair removal, vascular lesions

KTP (532nm)

Wavelength:532nm (Green)
Penetration:Very Shallow (0.5-1mm)
Target:Hemoglobin, Melanin
Best for:Light skin tones
Applications:Vascular lesions, pigmentation

CO2 (10,600nm)

Wavelength:10,600nm (Far IR)
Penetration:Very Shallow (0.1mm)
Target:Water
Best for:All skin types
Applications:Skin resurfacing, cutting

Chromophore Absorption

How different wavelengths are absorbed by various chromophores in the skin

Melanin

400-800nm (Visible to Near IR)

Absorbs light in the visible and near-infrared spectrum. Higher absorption at shorter wavelengths.

Target: Hair follicles, pigmented lesions, tattoos

Hemoglobin

400-600nm (Visible)

Absorbs light in the visible spectrum, with peaks in the green and yellow range.

Target: Blood vessels, vascular lesions, rosacea

Water

1400nm+ (Mid to Far IR)

Absorbs light in the mid to far infrared spectrum, with peak absorption around 10,600nm.

Target: Skin resurfacing, cutting, ablation

Wavelength Selection Guide

How to choose the right wavelength for specific treatments and skin types

Hair Removal

Light skin, dark hair:Alexandrite (755nm)
Medium skin, dark hair:Diode (810nm)
Dark skin, dark hair:Nd:YAG (1064nm)
Light skin, light hair:Ruby (694nm)

Vascular Lesions

Small vessels, red lesions:KTP (532nm)
Large vessels, blue lesions:Nd:YAG (1064nm)
Rosacea, facial redness:KTP (532nm)
Spider veins, leg veins:Nd:YAG (1064nm)

Pigmentation

Light skin, dark spots:Ruby (694nm)
Medium skin, dark spots:Alexandrite (755nm)
Dark skin, dark spots:Nd:YAG (1064nm)
Tattoo removal:Q-switched lasers

Skin Resurfacing

Ablative resurfacing:CO2 (10,600nm)
Non-ablative resurfacing:Nd:YAG (1064nm)
Fractional resurfacing:CO2 (10,600nm)
Skin tightening:Diode (810nm)

Safety Considerations

Important safety factors when selecting laser wavelengths

Safety Factors

Skin Type Compatibility

Different wavelengths are safer for different skin types. Darker skin requires longer wavelengths to avoid burns.

Penetration Depth

Shorter wavelengths penetrate less deeply, reducing risk of damage to underlying structures.

Chromophore Targeting

Proper wavelength selection ensures energy is absorbed by target chromophores, not surrounding tissue.

Risk Factors

Incorrect Wavelength

Using the wrong wavelength can cause burns, scarring, or ineffective treatment.

Excessive Energy

Too much energy at any wavelength can cause tissue damage and adverse effects.

Poor Skin Assessment

Incorrect skin type assessment can lead to inappropriate wavelength selection.

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